Slip or Trip Essay English

On August 13, 2013, at approximately 1:37 A. M. , Sparks police department received a call that an accidental death has occurred. Queenie Volupides, the wife of the deceased Arthur Volupides, claims that her husband slipped and fell on the stairs while he was coming down to the kitchen for another alcoholic beverage. She says that she wasn’t home when the incident occurred. She states that she was at a country club that was hosting a party and that when she arrived home (at approx 1:15 A. M. ) she found him lying on the stairs dead.However, the crime scene shows many inconsistencies within Queenie’s Story. Deputy Blank arrived on the scene at around 2:15 A. M, responding to Volupides 911 call. After viewing he crime scene, Deputy Blank noticed that in Arthur’s left hand there was an unbroken glass (presumably what he was drinking alcohol in). This raises many suspicions. If Arthur had tripped and fell down the stairs, then the glass shouldn’t be in his han d unbroken but instead somewhere in the vicinity of his body shattered.This is because, usually, when somebody is falling down the stairs they will drop whatever is in their hands to try to grab a rail or really anything to try to regain balance. Also, the glass was found in his left hand and when somebody is intoxicated, they can barley stand let alone attempt to hold a glass in their non-dominant hand. Also, Deputy Blank noticed that Queenie had been cooking something when officers arrived. While she was expecting guests, the body of Arthur was just feet away from the stove. Most people would have noticed the dead body and called the police right away.Responding officers have theorized that the pan she was cooking in is the murder weapon. Upon further inspection, Blank also realized that Arthur was still in his formal suit when he was killed. When Questioning Queenie about this she says that he was supposed to go to the party with her but before she left they had gotten into a fig ht. That explains why he had gotten into his suit but yet still doesn’t explain why he had stayed in his suit. If Arthur had been home for more than ten minutes, then he probably would have taken off at least his shoes, robe, and tie.Suspicious where near confirmed when Arthur’s autopsy came back. It did confirm that Arthur had had a high blood alcohol level. It also concluded that he had died from a wound on his head. If Arthur had really fallen down that flight of stairs then there would have been more injuries than that of the wound on this head. Maybe if he had a broken bone or was bruised then Queenie’sâ€Å" falling down the stairs† story might have been believable. Our recommendation is that Queenie Volupides is charged with Arthur Volupides Homicide.

The traditional material known as aluminum

The traditional material known as aluminum is often too soft to meet the requirements of certain applications, especially when considering aeronautic applications. These structural demanding applications thereby require the making of aluminum alloys which are structurally tough materials. Aluminum alloys are made to increase mechanical strength, increase corrosion resistance of the material, and thus increase overall shock survivability of the material (Subodh, K. D. , 2007).Here, we are concerned with Aluminum alloys 2024 and 7075 which are particularly used in aircraft structures, and aerospace applications. The review presents the similarities and differences of each material with regards to their chemistry, processing, and heat treatment measures. Aluminum 2024 The aluminum 2024 was first introduced in 1931, and was available as an alclad sheet and plate forms. Due to its high corrosion resistance, the material is often used in areas of an aircraft where fatigue resistance and st rength are required. Those areas include fuselage, wings, shear webs, and ribs of an aircraft.As an alloy, aluminum 2024 is made up of several materials among which are aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and silicon. Such a composition gives the ending material adequate mechanical and thermal properties demanded for aircraft structural components. However, the material is also used for truck wheels, screw machine products, scientific instruments, and orthopedic equipment. Overall, the aluminum 2024 material may be used in any application where there is a need for high strength to weight ration materials, and/or structures.

Bullying and Individual Person

Argumentative Essay on Bullying Bullying is a constant problem in schools today. It starts off with annoying comments, but esculates up to more severe matters. A lot of us have seen it happen, and a lot of us know how it feels. No one likes being bullied. People look at it as ignorant kids,but bullies are truly criminals,stealing other human-beings self-esteem and at times people end their lives. First of all, bullying is a crime, because of the serious effects and impact it can have on a individual person.And once a person has been robbed of their self-esteem they can suffer from mental and physical problems, drop out of school and mabey even comiit suicide. Many people today can still recall them humiliating days at the hands of their class bully, mainly because bullies usually don’t operate alone. They usually sycophantic the person which means(making their victims attempt to win them over or be a personal flunky so they would stop bullying them.Bullies are everywhere in sm all communities, big communities,parks,mall,streets,but most of all bullies are found at school. Bullies gain control over other kids by physical attacks, punching,kicking and choking for instance. Another form of control is emotional attacks like insults,name calling,spreading rumors and threats. Social attacks are a form of bullying that singlr out kids in of groups of others. The horrible events can start for many reasons including jelousy,gender bias or rasicm;it isn’t right.They terrorize and and harass their victims, ripping apart their self-esteem and attacking their insecurities until the unthinkable happen; violence or even tragic. People often think that bullies don’t see the effects of their actions, or that they don’t understand what they are doing to others. The thing is, bullies don’t understand what they are doing. Whether the bullies are kids are adults, they know its wrong. Bullying someone is abuse. What are we to do, send half of Americ ans to jail?Half of American kids wont end up in jail because they have other alternatives. For instance, bullies could be required to do community service,thearopy, or be shown a prison to show them what they future could be. In addition, parents, schools, and kids need to work together. The problems wont resolve on their own. We need to look at the facts of each situation and take the right hand to solve the problems right. We need to stand up to bullies and not them rip us out our self-esteem.Bullies must face some kind of consequence for all the tortur they did. What I would do is take them to Louisiana state prison and let them see what a real bully life is like. When I interviewed a student who got bullied a few times, he said he really didn’t care what happen to the bully, he just wished he wasn’t born. That’s the type of ways some bully victims feel, which is bad. So we got to stop this. I think one good trip to Louisiana state prison would be rally good for each bully we catch. It would show them what a real bully is.

The Contributions of Migrant Workers in the Hotel Industry in London Essay

The Contributions of Migrant Workers in the Hotel Industry in London - Essay Example Concerning the United Kingdom, the immense contribution of migrants has facilitated the performance of the hotel industry in London because they demand low wages, salary packages and fewer facilities than the native born-born workers. For that reason, the operating costs of running the hotel business have been low due to low costs associated with payroll. These cheap salary packages are often due to migrants receiving insufficient information regarding the rules and regulations governing the international labor market and their rights as employees (Alberti, Holgate & Turner 2014). Consequently, the migrant workers have no idea of the fact that minimum wage policies exist. One of the determining factors of the minimum wage in the United Kingdom is the age group. The wage rates are calculated on the basis of the number of hours spent at work. For instance, the current wage rate per hour of an employee whose age is 21 years and above is  £ 6.50. In addition, the migrant workers might lack the information about the existence of health and safety regulations that impose various limitations on the working condition. Therefore, the level of wage set for them by their employees is just what their employers wish for them to earn. The hotel industry exploits the opportunity created by lack of sufficient information in a bid to reduce the expenses, thus increase the profitability level. (Janta et al. 2012). Migrant workers continually play a noteworthy and significant role in the Hotel industry across the globe. The internal movements of labor that occur within nations will be of equivalent volumes and, in a few countries, more noteworthy and essential in meeting the needs of the Hotel Industry (Shen & Huang 2012). The migrant workers are a vital source of government revenue. The tax on their wages makes a substantial contribution to the global government incomes.

Mandatin Nurse-Patient Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mandatin Nurse-Patient Ratios - Essay Example It is where people converge with their lawmakers and meet with the team of legislators and the different committees. This is aslo where they give their testimonies and hearings. Getting the legislative place comes prior to providing change in policy (Abood, 2007 p.21). The nurses should understand the arena for legislation of the state and the federal levels to make their issues get known. 2) Understanding the legislative process steps This is the procedure that creates recommendations, makes and finally sources programs of health, and stages out other strategy and policy domains with healthy policy (Abood, 2007). After a problem becomes an agenda of the public, a bill should be provided, allocated to a panel, strategies organized, and activity of the panel takes the bill to the management before it is taken to any sitting. Each scenario has a similar legal procedure to authoritatively make policy options (Abood, 2007 p.21). Using the strategy, the nurses by understanding the legisla tive process steps can formulate bills that can be presented to their legislatures at the state and the federal levels for their agenda to be forwarded. ... As part of the profession, nurses possess significant influence to change the legislation particularly when proper healthcare has an organization, common choice on a problem. 4) Understanding Committees The committees can be the facilities of education and policy making. This comprise of state and federal levels. The proposed legislation is granted the extreme concern in the panel level. This is during situations when conflicting points of view are analyzed and hammering of the legislation is done. Nurses are going to affect the procedure at this juncture by asking a chance to give a testimony. 5) Communicating with Legislators Law makers at the federal and state levels go through thousands of expenses that encompass wide problems annually. Therefore, it is difficult for the lawmakers to be experienced on every problem and to know every bill. Writing a well-designed correspondence, providing e-mails, making a written summary of the problem with team, and pleasant the legislator to vi sit the office are all methods to get someone's law makers to consider one as an professional on healthcare proper care and to get in touch with when they need details appropriate to nursing and healthcare (Abood, 2007p.24). Increasing My Power to have an influence in votes The ability to efficiently have influence in the various places where the future health care policies are made, and to take advantage of possibilities to present nursing’s viewpoint on the healthcare problems is based upon having a power platform and knowing where and when to apply that effect (Aiken et al, 2010). Power is the ability to show some influence. Furthermore, power is a factor that is inevitable in human relationships, and those people such as nurses who

Product Reassesment research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Reassesment - Research Paper Example Product reassessment gets conducted due to the product’s performance in the market. Market performance indicators may result to a product reassessment (Graham et al, 2008). This paper will discuss a reassessment of battery free remote control in the US market. The target markets for this product include retailers and consumers who are in search for battery free remote controls. Developing a marketing strategy involves the identification of a target market and coming up with a mix that will appeal to potential consumers. Developing an ideal market mix involves paying attention to factors such as price, product, and promotion. Target marketing involves selecting a viable target market by factoring in; the expected growth, size, cost to reach, competitive position and compatibility (Graham et al, 2008). Target marketing may undertake the single target market approach or multiple target market approach. In repositioning the target market for battery free remote control, branding i s essential as 76% of American consumers base their decision to purchase a product on its brand name (Kahn, 2011). The product’s retail market is also growing massively as large retailers offer exceptional demand for the product. A few of this retail chains own over 4000 chains in the US and thus provide ample appetite for the product (Kahn, 2011). Marketing research is vital to ensure that the product gets repositioned towards its target market. Research is crucial in determining how market mix influences customer behavior. In order to reposition the product to its target market, it is necessary to conduct positioning research (Graham et al, 2008). This will help the manufacturing firm to determine the perceptions of the target market in regards to their brand. Positioning research identifies how the target markets view the brand in relation to other brands from competitors. It helps the firm to understand what their brands stand for from the customers’ views (Graham et al, 2008). Positioning research will also help the firm to differentiate its products from those of other competitors. It will help the firm to develop its own position in the market with the view of appealing to its target market through its own product attributes. It is necessary to also conduct a segmentation research for the product. This will help the firm to identify the behavioral patterns of potential buyers. Segmentation research allows the firm to determine the demographic characteristics of the target market. Determining the demographic and behavioral patterns of potential buyers is vital in repositioning the product in the market. Demographic and behavior pattern data assists firm management to understand their target market while in the design process of the product. The data derived from such research helps the manufacturing firm to redesign the product in accordance with the target market’s taste and preferences. This will help to reposition the product in t he target market along competitor brands (Kahn, 2011). Adoption rates refer to speed with which new members of a society start to use new technology within a specified time (Kahn, 2011). To increase the adoption rate for the product, the firm should consider on the product pricing. The product should be offered at a competitive price by the firm. Competitive pricing will allow the target mark

Unconditional and unconditional Convergence Coursework

Unconditional and unconditional Convergence - Coursework Example Unconditional and unconditional Convergence: Theorem: Every absolutely convergent series is unconditionally convergent. Conditional Convergence: A convergent series is said to be conditionally convergent if it is not unconditionally convergent. Thus such a series converges in the arrangement given, but either there is some rearrangement that diverges or else there is some rearrangement that has a different sum. Theorem: Every nonabsolutely convergent series is conditionally convergent. In fact, every nonabsolutely convergent series has a divergent rearrangement and can also be rearranged to sum to any preassigned value. The unordered sum of a sequence of real numbers, written as, ∑_iâ‚ ¬Nââ€"’ai has an apparent connection with the ordered sum ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ai The answer is both have same convergence. Theorem A necessary and sufficient condition for ∑_iâ‚ ¬Nââ€"’ai to converge is that the series ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ai is absolutely convergent and in this case ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ã€â€"ai=∑_(i∈â„ µ)ââ€"’aiã€â€"

Should the Stakeholders Investing in the Companys Assets Research Paper

Should the Stakeholders Investing in the Companys Assets - Research Paper Example The research includes a literature review to make the topic understandable. Red Bull should keep on investing in the formula one Championship for next year. Currently, Red Bull is one of the top Formula One racing tracks around the world. The Formula One circuit sports reporters regularly announce the standings and winning cars of each Formula One racing event. The sports writers’ informed the general public about the painstaking and scrutinizing victory of the Red Bull Formula One racing team to all racing and other sports fans in Sweden, in all Formula One race track, television, radio, and newspaper sports news. Red Bull is a beverage company that is strategically located in Sweden. As of 2007 alone, Red Bull sells 3.5 billion cans and bottles of its Red Bull products because the average Red Bull customer is not price conscious (Grisen, 2010). The Red Bull beverage company’s continued investment of next year’s Formula One events is part of the necessary promot ional aspect of the company’s overall marketing strategy. Simon Vigar reiterated (2008) just like in the prior years, the red bull name on one of the formula one race cars speeding past other competing cars often brings cheers, sadness, fear, and awe to the audiences watching the games. The Red Bull Formula One car is seen by thousands of fans visiting many Formula One grand prix circuits located around the world. During the live telecast and the news reports of the Formula One races, the Red bull name is seen by thousands of race track fans. Because of the sport news reports, the Red bull name will have free advertising in all the televisions, radio stations, and newspapers around the world. Thus, the cost of investing in the formula one circuit can be easily recuperated through the free news items found in the sports sections of the news papers, radio and television media around the world (Abele 2008). Business Question What strategies for developing a fast food chain? Aim – to identify the perception of product brand among the current and prospective clients Objectives: – to pinpoint the product brand store image held by this consumer group 1.To examine if there are different perceptions of product brand among the diverse age groups among the customers. 2. To determine which type of store brand is popular among the consumers. 3. To determine the competitors’ products and services with the aim of increase client base. Literature Review The marketing environment focuses on several theories. According to Hilton (2007), the SWOT analysis theory states that the company uses both internal and external resources in its decision making tools. According to the Managerial Accounting Studies, the theory states that the company must gather enough of its strengths to outsmart the competitors in terms of client generation and revenue increase. The theory states that the company should resolve all its weaknesses in order to have a successful bu siness or person endeavor. The company exerts all efforts to profit from its opportunities (Kumar, 2003). In addition, the company musters all its resources to hurdle all threats that come in the way of the way of the company’s achieving its aims and objectives. The marketing theory focuses on the four strategies. The company should focus on selling quality products and services (Czinkota, 2007). Product. Bucholz (2006) theorized that the company must implement some marketing changes to increase the clients’ demand for its products. The company must add additional shoe styles. The new shoe styles are based on the latest market segment trends. The company must increase the production of its ladies’

Individual Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Rights - Essay Example One of those such rights would be the Miranda rights. In defining them, "Also known as the Miranda Rule or Miranda Warning, when you are arrested in the U.S.A., police officers must warn you that you have the right to remain silent, that anything you say could be used against you in a court of law, that you have a right to contact a lawyer and that if you cannot afford a lawyer, that one will be provided before any questioning if so desired," Adding that, "Failure to issue the Miranda warning renders evidence so obtained to not be admissible in the court. The warning became a national requirement when ordered by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1966 case Miranda v. Arizona and that is how it got the name," (LawInfo.com, p.1). In the respect of this definition, the case involving Jane Smith would fall into direct violation in regards to the merits and meaning behind Miranda Rights. As the rights clearly state, a person has to be given the opportunity to posses legal counsel at the time of arrest and to have on one present during legal ques tioning. Another pertinent issue towards the legality of the case against a person in Jane Smith's position is the lack of parental consent towards the interrogation of their child who would have been a minor at the time. As common law states, when someone is a minor, they are to be approached with the knowledge and presence of their parents to consent to such approach. As the alleged perpetrator of the crime in question was a minor at the time, they would still be protected by the laws for interrogating minors despite whether or not the deciding authority wishes to charge the alleged as an adult. As there had been no written transferring of guardianship, the Uncle of Jane Smith would have no legal authority in regards to determining how, or even if his niece was to be questioned by the police. With the creation of laws, there is often times events and people that come as a way of facilitating such laws needing to be in place. In the case of the events leading up to case that which lead to the creation of the Miranda Rights law; A kidnapping and sexual assault occurred in Phoenix, Arizona, in March 1963. On March 13 Ernesto Miranda, 23, was arrested in his home, taken to the police station, identified by the victim, and taken into the interrogation room. Miranda was not told of his rights to counsel prior to questioning. Two hours later, investigators emerged from the room with a written confession signed by Miranda. It included a typed disclaimer, also signed by Miranda, stating that he had "full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me," and that he had knowingly waived those rights (Miranda v. Arizona, p.1). Such case practices that would later become illegal with the creation of the Miranda rights at the conclusion of the trial of Ernesto Miranda. Years since, the issue of delivering Miranda rights to person's in custody has become a central issue to the implementation of the American Judicial system in the way in which it was intended. For reasons of prosecuting crimes, the information gathered from alleged perpetrators is placed under great scrutiny as it comes to the methods for which they were gathered in the first place. Such attention paid in that, if collected even with the slightest bit of a hint that something had

Hart's Hotel Nottingham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hart's Hotel Nottingham - Essay Example An organization always aims at giving quality service to the customers. This is meant to attract more customers thus leading to profit maximization and business expansion. This paper discusses in depth about Harts Hotel Nottingham, its accommodation and front service management. Hart’s hotel is said to be a magnificent place for exploration. It’s a classical 17th century mansion owned by Tim and Stefa Harts and under management of Rupert Elliot. The hotel maintains high standards of modernization with light and airy modern space. It presents beautiful scenery with walls decorated in a range of bright abstract canvasses and no echoes of its previous incarnation (Vickers, 2005:42). Not only is the place fantastic to the viewer’s sight but also a very clean environment with friendly and helpful staff. Scholar depict that the restaurant advocates for excellent service and delicious menus. The hotel is located approximately a 3-minute walk form the city centre hence c onvenient enough for visitation. Moreover, it portrays a quiet environment away from noise of traffic and nightlife thus relaxing and comfortable for stay (http://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g186356-d292105-r14432692-Hart_s_Hotel-Nottingham_Nottinghamshire_England.html). Hart’s hotel has quite a pleasant accommodation service. The rooms have high ceilings thus making the place light airy, contemporary, and comfortable. The top quality beds are neatly and stylishly equipped with goose down pillows and duvets, and Egyptian cotton bed linen. Once, a customer visited the

Pediatric Echocardiography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Pediatric Echocardiography - Research Paper Example The researcher states that due to the complexity in the mechanics, anatomy, and physiology of the heart, exact diagnosis of the cardiac condition is critical for management of cardiac disease. In the pediatric age group, the spectra of cardiac diseases are wide and also complex and hence arises the need for the reliable investigating tool. Further advances in this technology a couple of decades ago have led to more reliable and accurate forms of echocardiography, the 3D imaging, Doppler echocardiography, and tissue Doppler. These advances have posed a challenge to echocardiographers who need to be on their tiptoes in acquiring knowledge and also maintaining their skills by keeping abreast with the latest technology and changes. In this article, pediatric echocardiography will be discussed with references to its uses, limitations, impact on the professionals, impact on the patients, feasibility, and accessibility. Creating images of the heart using ultrasonic waves is known as echocar diography. The images of the heart are created using 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional or Doppler ultrasound. The test is routinely used in a clinical set up for screening, diagnosis, and management of various diseases of the heart. In the current medical era, echocardiography has become the primary imaging tool for the evaluation, diagnosis, assessment, and management of congenital and acquired cardiac disease in newborns, infants, children, and adolescents. The most ideal tool for assessment of cardiac problems is transthoracic echocardiography. The procedure is portable, efficacious and noninvasive and provides the detailed overview of the various anatomical, physiologic, and hemodynamic information of the heart. The various types of echocardiogram currently used are 2D echocardiogram, pediatric transesophageal echocardiogram, fetal echocardiogram, stress echocardiogram and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram. Pediatric echocardiography is unique when compared to adult echoc ardiography. There is a wide spectrum of diseases. Many of the cardiac conditions encountered are congenital.

Organizational Culture Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture Essay This essay/assignment is a solution paper on Organizational Culture. It reviews the Hofstede Model and Schein Model as well as tries to understand the the dynamics which influences the occupational cultures. This is a sample paper. The definition of culture remains quite ambiguous with researchers assessing it utilising different methodologies. The common understanding of culture is a way of doing things, or the norm by which a society organizes its tasks. However, the terminology tends to be classified more distinctly when looked upon in the aspect of organizations and their systems of performing actions. Two of the most prominent researchers on this aspect of organizational behaviour are Geert Hofstede and Edgar Schein. Each has presented the concept of organizational culture using a paradigm based on the values and thinking exhibited by the workers of an organization, but has assessed different levels of adaptation and integration that bind this aspect of culture. According to Hofstede, ‘culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one group from another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values’. On the other hand, Schein has taken a slightly different approach and states ‘culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization that operate unconsciously and define in a basic â€Å"taken for granted† fashion an organization’s view of its self and its environment’. The common notion among researchers is that every organization exhibits certain values and norms in the business environment and a company will likely end up portraying two things; organizational culture and corporate culture. The former is based on what the company ‘is’, while the latter principle is an embodiment of the vision and character of the company, making up what a company ‘has’. Both Schein and Hofstede showed similarities in their presentation of the concept of organizational culture by applying a focus on the mental assumptions that shape the ideology of culture and give rise to the norms and values that end up being regarded as the primary character of an organization. However, the anthropological approach adopted by them towards organizational culture varied greatly. Hofstede favoured the ‘etic’ or dimensional approach, where the description of behaviour is very neutral and can be applied to various cultures. A key reasoning for this is the linkage he presented between the national culture  prevalent in the business environment that an organization operates in, and its resulting effects on the shaping of the norms that are applied by the organization itself. On the other hand, Schein looked upon organizational behaviour with an ‘emic’ approach, describing the dimensions that affected companies by viewing it from the aspect of a person within the culture. Hofstede undertook an extensive research process within IBM, to understand the behaviour it and its employees exhibited across the many offices it had in the world. His ideology was that organizational behaviour was greatly influenced by national and regional cultural groupings. The conclusion from the research conducted allowed Hofstede to present five characteristics of culture that he believed were exhibited by organizations in one way or form across the world. These included power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, long vs. short term orientation, and individualism vs. collectivism. Schein’s organizational model looked at culture from the standpoint of an observer and presented three levels to describe the complex workings involved in a company. At the first level were the observable artefacts, pointing to those attributes which could be seen, heard or felt by the observer. The second level was the exposed values, which referred to the professed culture of the organization by its members. At the third level lie tacit assumptions, which are made up of the unseen elements of culture of an organization that become the unspoken rules of the company. While Hofstede’s model of organization culture relies on the tried and tested ideology of cultural theorists by underlying the determination of culture in an organization from core values and assumptions of a given national culture, Schein’s model brings about more functionality to the subject area by delving into a deeper understanding of the factors that influenced the exhibited culture in the organization. Hofstede’s IBM study developed linkages between personality and culture, by relating to individuals as components of societies, and organizations a resultant of both. Schein presented the notion of learning as a part of the organizational culture, and one of the building blocks that courted different operators in its assimilation and establishment. In both models, the common factor remains the individuals who form the organization, and in many ways are responsible for providing the behavioural traits to the company in order to portray a sense of belonging. The divergence in its  initiation relates to the variance held by Hofstede and Schein, with the former attributing the national culture being the driving force, while the latter focuses on the various actors who play a role in the creation of the organizational entity as the contributors to the culture of that establishment. While personality will play a part in the integration between the original and acquired culture, the need for understanding the dynamics which influence the occupational cultures is important in order to become aware of the human factor and its role in the process. References Hofstede, G. McCrae, R. (2004) ‘Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture’, Cross-Cultural Research, Volume 38, No. 1, pp. 52 – 88 Schein, E. (1996) ‘Culture: The Missing Concept in Organization Studies’, Administrative Science Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 2, pp. 229 – 240

Introduction to Company Law

Introduction to Company Law Q1. There are the difference between a private company limited by shares and a public company, as following: Transfer shares A private company limited by shares is restricted to transfer share according to its articles but a public company is not restricted. Number of members For a private company limited by shares, the number of member is limited to 50. However, the number of member of a public company is no limitation. Subscription Any invitation to the public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the company is prohibited in a private company limited by shares. Nevertheless, it does not restrict a public company. Levels of regulatory regimes The requirements of a private company limited by shares in the Companies Ordinance are lower than those of a public company. Its annual returns filing with the Companies Registry are less information than ones of a public company. In addition, it does not have to file its accounts with the Companies Registry so that its financial information is not in the public domain. Therefore, the cost of compliance of a private company limited by shares is lower than a public company. Functions A private company limited by shares cannot become a listed company since becoming a listed company requires first becoming a public company. Thus, a public company may become a listed company. Risk A private company limited by shares is the lack of freedom to exchange shares and the low transparency level of their accounts. It leads to a higher risk investment. Consequently, it is lower level of capital investment. To opposite, a public company is lower risk investment. (Unit 1 P.32-33) In this case, it is about the corporate veil between the company and its members. That is to say, it considers whether the rights and liabilities of the company are treated as separate from the rights and liabilities of its members in company law. Lifting the corporate veil is no guidelines in law but there are many law cases in previous years. Generally, a company is a separate legal entity which its members are legally permitted to hide behind the corporate veil according to Salomon v. A Salomon Co Ltd [1897] AC 22. Nevertheless, the courts may lift the veil because of obtaining improper advantages, perpetrate fraud or conceal illegal activities. The corporate veil seems a sham or facade so that the courts would lift the veil. For example, the courts determine the criminal responsibility of a companys staff or a director acts dishonestly with the companys property. In Re H and others (Restraint Order: Realisable Property) [1996] 2 All ER 391, a lot of individuals failed fraudulently to pay more than  £100 million in excise duty. Two family companies had the total of owned 100% shares. The government applied a court order to restrain them for dealing with the companies’ property and their own property. The Court of Appeal held that it was a prima facie case that the companies had been used for the fraudulent evasion of excise duty. Moreover, it lifted the corporate veil because it treated the companies’ property as the individuals’ own property. John suggests that Kelvin sell his shares to Leo who is Johns brother. However, Leo is a fresh graduate so that he has no money to pay in Genius Limited. John wants to pay Kelvin HK$700,000 from the company. After that, John as a shareholder of Genius Limited should receive dividends and then he will use the dividends to set off the sum of HK$700,000. Therefore, he will transfer the 30% shares to Leo Free of charge. It is improper method because it treats the companies’ property as his own property in accordance with the case. He does not have right to use the companys property to set off Leos liability. At the same, his behavior is unfair for others and David is deprived of his right to buy the shares. Hence, it is an improper advantage. In conclusion, the property of the company is used to set off Leos liability and the behavior is illegal. The amount of HK$700,000 is the companys property, not the members. (Unit 1 P.26) In a private company, its shareholders right is restricted to transfer shares in compliance with its articles. Generally, there is a pre-emptive right which is a shareholder must firstly provide his shares to other shareholders if he wants to sell and transfer them. After the other shareholders reject, he offers to a third party and cannot provide a discount on the shares. That is to say, the selling price cannot be lower than the amount of selling to other shareholders. The reason is that a private company is very small scale and there is trust among shareholders. When a shareholder withdraws in the company, hence, the other shareholders have an opportunity to determine whether they accept a new shareholder. In this case, John should have a prior right over David due to the above reason. Genius Limited is a private company which the articles restrict to transfer shares. In addition, John is the majority shareholder in the company. As a result, Kelvin should comply with its articles and he should first offer his share to John who has a pre-emptive right. If John refuses Kelvins shares, Kelvin has a chance to sell David which is the third party. However, the selling price cannot be lower than the price of selling to John. Model articles should be read to determine whether directors refuse any transfer of shares. Generally, it allows directors refuse the transfer. The reason is that they can first offer their shares to existing shareholders and the behavior is a pre-emptive right. That is to say, Kelvin should first offer his shares to John. Except that, directors provide share buy-back that is to offer shares back to the company. In other words, Genius Limited may repurchase Kelvins shares. Furthermore, shareholders agreements restrict the transfer of shares but it is only suitable for existing shareholders of the company. To conclude, John can object that Kelvin sell his shares to David because he can choose buy Kelvins shares or share buy-back. Q2. George wants to know whether FG Limited buy back its own shares. In the past, it was not allowed because of the rule in Trevor v. Whitworth case. However, it is allowed under the new Companies Ordinance, as following: According to the House of Lords in Trevor v. Whitworth (1887) 12 App Cas 409, it was not permitted that a company could buy back its own shares even if the Memorandum of Association allowed. That is to say, its paid-up capital should be maintained and kept unless: it was lost due to ordinary business risks, or there has been a reduction of the share capital authorized according to the legislation. The reason of prohibition of repurchasing a companys own shares is that it would make the damage of creditors and other abuses. For instance, an entity may pay higher than the market value when there is share buy-back. It leads to dilute the value of the remainder. But the entity pay lower and the value of the remaining shares would increase. At the same time, directors may use this method to enhance the value of their own holdings or to expand their voting power. In recent years, the rule about capital maintenance is abolished. In other words, share buy-back for all companies is allowed and it subjects to a solvency requirement (CR 2008). The following share redemption or buy-back may be funded in accordance with the new Companies Ordinance: Payment is paid out of a company’s distributable profits. (section 257(2)(a)); There is out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares which is for the purpose of share redemption or buy-back (section 237(2)(b)); or There is out of capital if a solvency test is passed. (section 248-266). It is unlawful for a company or its subsidiaries to give indirectly or directly financial assistance for the purpose of acquisition of its shares in accordance with section 275. Breaking the prohibition leads to the directors in a fine and imprisonment. Under section 274, financial assistance refers to gifts, guarantees, security, indemnities, loans and any other financial assistance. Acquisition means shares transfer and shares subscription. However, there are the following exceptions: the payment of dividends, allotment of bonus shares, distribution of assets in winding-up, reduction of capital confirmed by the court (section 277); the ordinary business of the company is lending money (section 279); a company in good faith in the interests of the company provides financial assistance for the employee share scheme (section 280); or the company provides loans to its eligible employees for the purpose of enabling them to purchase fully paid shares in its holding company or the company (section 281). Under section 283 to 285, it subjects to solvency test and one of the three procedures, as following: Under section 283, it provides financial assistance if : directors pass a resolution to give the assistance; those directors make a solvency statement; the aggregate amount of the assistance and other financial assistance given under this section not repaid (such as guarantee or security) is less than 5% of the paid-up share capital and reserves of the company; and the assistance is given not more than 12 months of the solvency statement. According to section 283(4), the company has to send a notice and the solvency statement to all members within 15 days after giving the assistance. Under section 284, the assistance is approved by written resolution of all members. Under section 285, the assistance is approved by an ordinary resolution. Directors must show the benefit of the assistance to the company. To conclude, share buy-back in Franklin Limited is allowed in recent years but there is some above restricted conditions. (Unit 2 P.34-38) If FG wants to reduce its capital, there are two methods for reduction of share capital. One method is that a company passes a special resolution and applies by petition to the court for an order confirming to reducing share capital under the new Companies Ordinance under sections 226 to 232. On the petition, the court makes the order on any terms and conditions it thinks fit. In fact, every creditor of the company has a right to reject the reduction of share capital. The court confirms the reduction of share capital when it is satisfied that: the creditors consent is obtained; or the creditor’s debt or claim is discharged, determines or is secured (section 229). Another method is a court-free procedure and there are some following criteria: All directors make a solvency statement in accordance with section 216. Members approves in a special resolution passed within 15 days of the solvency statement in section 216. A public notice of the reduction of share capital is published in Gazette declaring the content under section 218. A notice is published in one specified Chinese and one specified English newspaper and a written notice to be given to its creditor before the end of the week after the week in which the special resolution is passed according to section 218(3). A copy of the solvency statement is filed to the Registrar for registration. The members or creditors of the company have a right to examine the solvency statement and special resolution within five weeks’ time. If no application of objection is raised by dissentient members or creditors to cancel the resolution, the company can deliver a copy between five and seven weeks after the resolution to the Registrar for registration in accordance with section 224(1). The reduction of share capital and the special resolution should take effect when the return is registered. If a creditor or member objects to the special resolution, the court may cancel or confirm the special resolution and on any terms as it thinks fit under section 222. In order to determine whether the reduction is approval, the court may consider various elements, such as whether the reduction is equitable among shareholders and whether the interests of the creditors in the company are protected (CR 2013a). The above states the solvency statement which each of directors makes to form the opinion that the company needs to satisfy the solvency test in accordance with section 206(1). The statement should be applied to reduction of share capital, share redemption and buy-back and financial assistance under section 204. In section 205, it states the solvency test is satisfied if: immediately after the transaction, the company will be capable of paying its debts; and the company will be able to pay its debts within 12 months after the transaction or commencement of winding up. Given an opinion, a director must ask the company’s state of affairs and prospects and take into account all the liabilities of the company in section 206(2), for example, contingent and prospective liabilities. Besides, a solvency statement is in the specified form, states the date on which it is made and the name of each director making it, and is signed by each director who makes it according to section 206(3). In conclusion, George can choose either one of the above two procedures to reduce the capital of FG Limited. (Unit 2 P.30-33)

Experiment of Hookes Law

Experiment of Hookes Law Investigating Hooke’s Law Aim This experiment is aimed to investigate the relationship between the mass that is being slotted at the end of spring and the time taken for the spring to make a 20 complete oscillations. Hypothesis As the mass of the end of the spring increases, the time period for the spring to complete 20 oscillation will also increase. This is because in newton’s second law which is F = ma, if the acceleration is being derived with the presence of time in its formula, it will be F = m(v-u)/t. Which proves that, mass is directly proportional to time. As the mass increases, the time will also increase. Variables Independent variable: Mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring (kg) Dependent variable: Time period taken by the spring to make 20 complete oscillations (s) Controlled variable: i) Spring constant ii) Gravitational acceleration iii) Length of spring iv) Amount of spring oscillations v) Air resistance vi) Amplitude of oscillations Controlling the variables Mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring: The mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring is manipulated from 0.1kg, 0.2kg, 0.3kg, 0.4kg and 0.5kg. Time period taken by the spring to make 20 complete oscillations: With the aid of digital stopwatch, the time period is taken when the spring had completed in making 20 oscillations. This procedure is repeated 3 times and an average reading is taken. Spring constant: The spring constant is kept constant so that the results are relative to each other. It will be controlled by using the same spring throughout the whole experiment. Gravitational acceleration: The gravitational acceleration is kept constant by conducting the experiment in the same place until the end. Amount of spring oscillations: The amount of oscillations is controlled to 20 so that the results are more accurate. The exact results will be divided by 20 afterwards. Air resistance: Due to the place that the experiment is being conducted in a room, the fan and the air conditioner are switched off to reduce the air resistance. The experiment is conducted in the same place until the end to fix the air resistance. Amplitude of oscillations: The amplitude will be controlled each time the mass is increased by using the same length in extending the spring to make is oscillate. For each trial, the spring is extended 5cm downwards. This procedure will be aided by a meter ruler. Materials list Retort stand Clamp and stand Meter ruler Mass holder Slotted mass Digital stopwatch Spring Diagram Method Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram, with one end of the spring attached to the horizontal support on the clamp stand. Attach the slotted mass of 0.1kg at the end of the spring. Put the meter ruler next to spring and measure the extension. Pull the slotted mass holder down to 5cm and then release it. Let it oscillates for 20 times. Take the time taken for the spring to oscillate completely for 20 times using digital stopwatch. Repeat step 4 to 6 two more times. Record the data each time and take an average reading. Repeat step 2 to 7 by using different slotted mass, from 0.2kg, 0.3kg, 0.4kg, and 0.5kg. Results Data presentation A graph to show the relationship between the mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring, M, and the time taken for one oscillation, T. Data analysis The relationship between mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring and the time taken for spring to oscillate one cycle appears to be non-linear. The data therefore will be processed in order to find a relationship between this two variables either it is directly proportional or not. The graph is parabolic. Hence the T can be manipulated to become T2 so that the graph can be plotted with a variable of mass against T2. Data processing Table 2 – Mass that is being slotted at the end of spring, M, and squared of time taken for one oscillation, T2 Presentation and analysis of the processed data A graph shows the relationship between the mass that is being slotted at the end of the spring, M, and the squared of time taken for one oscillation,T2. Analysis of the graph Gradient of best fit line = 0.50/0.32 = 1.56 kgs-2 Gradient of steepest line = 0.50/0.30 = 1.67 kgs-2 Gradient of shallowest line = 0.42/0.34 = 1.24 kgs-2 For the second graph, it was proved that mass that is being slotted at the end of spring is direclty proportional to the squared of time period. Mathematically, m ÃŽ ± T2 After the investigation and the experiment that had been done, it was found that the formula relating the mass that is being slotted at the end of spring and time period of an oscillating spring is : We know that ; T = 2Ï€/Æœ Where Æœ = k(constant) in this investigation. Therefore, T = 2Ï€ T2 = Which is of the form, y = mx + c (equation of straight line) From the investigation, y is m, m is 4Ï€2/k and x is T2. The gradient of the line is therefore equal to 4Ï€2/k , we can now find the spring constant: Therefore, k on the best fit line ; 1.56 = 1/ = 1/1.56 k = 61.59 Nm-1 The range of uncertainty in this value can be calculated using both the maximum and the minimum lines on the graph. Maximum gradient ; 1.67 = 1/ = 1/1.67 k = 65.93 Nm-1 Minimum gradient ; 1.24 = 1/ = 1/1.24 k = 48.96 Nm-1 Therefore the spring constant, k is in the range of 48.96 Nm-1 to 65.59 Nm-1. Conclusion The aim of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between the mass that is being slotted at the end of spring and time period of oscillation. As the hypothesis being made earlier that mass would be directly proportional to time period of oscillation, it is clearly was wrong as the graph of mass against time period is obviously non-linear. The second graph of mass against squared of time period is however turned out to be linear and therefore it can be concluded that mass is directly proportional to the squared of time period. After the investigation, this conclusion is supported as the equation for time period of an oscillating spring is T = 2Ï€ T2 = So, T2 ÃŽ ± m The gradient of straight line was then used to calculate the spring constant, k, for the spring used in this experiment. This is because the gradient is equal to 1/ The value can be compared to the theoretical value by using Hooke’s so as to verify the result whether it is plausible or not. When the spring is acted a force of 1N, the extension was seen to be 1.6cm. The spring constant can be determine by using the formula of Hooke’s law; F = kx k = 1/0.016 k = 62.5 Nm-1 Calculating percentage deviation: x 100% = 1.5% The actual value and the theoretical value is not that far and only 1.5% in the percentage deviation. In conclusion, it can be said that this experiment is successful and the results are accurate. Evaluation The method and apparatus used worked well throughout the whole experiment. The results obtained are differ from the actual results. This is because they are maybe some mistakes were made during taking the reading or making the experiment works. There are some improvements that were made when collecting the data that were not stated in the original plan. Parallax error occurs when reading the ruler which the recorder’s eye level is not perfectly perpendicular to the ruler. The slotted mass were considered to be the same. Just one of the slotted mass was weighted and for one slotted mass the mass is 0.1kg. Without hesitation, the other slotted mass were all considered to be 0.1kg in mass too. This may have produced a systematic error, depending on how accurate the masses were and consistency of their inaccuracy. When lighter slotted mass were used, the oscillations was so fast. Random errors can occur. Suggested that, the spring should be let to oscillation more so that the results will be more precise. Suggested improvements The investigation could has been more accurate and precise if the following modifications were to be taken: Make sure that the eye is perpendicular to the ruler when taking the reading when doing the extension of spring. This will avoid parallax error. Use another ruler to point at the ruler when taking the reading. This will aid to read the meter ruler easier and more precise. This will avoid parallax error. To make the time taken more accurate, use ultra-sonic motion detector that is placed below the oscillating spring. The ultra-sonic motion detector will collect data more precisely because it does not involve the human interaction which is affected by human reaction. Take more reading and take the average as the lesser the reading are taken, it will create more random errors.

Beckett, Brecht and Endgame Essay -- Beckett Endgame Essays

Beckett, Brecht and Endgame      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irish playwright Samuel Beckett is often classified amongst Absurdist Theatre contemporaries Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Jean Genet, and Eugene Ionesco (Brockett 392-395). However, Endgame, Beckett's second play, relates more closely to the theatrical ideology of German playwright Bertolt Brecht, father of epic theatre and the alienation effect. Through the use of formal stage conventions, theatrical terminology, and allusions to Shakespearean texts within Endgame, Beckett employs Brecht's alienation concept, distancing the audience empathetically from players of the game and instead focusing attention upon the game itself.    Bertolt Brecht, whose final work, Galileo, was last revised three years before Beckett published Endgame, was personally and professionally influenced by Marxist theory and the political events which plagued the middle of this century. According to drama anthologist Oscar G. Brockett, Brecht asserted that theatre must do more than simply entertain the passive spectator; theatre must recognize and incite change. Brecht suggested a system of "productive participation, in which the spectator actively judges and applies what he sees on stage to conditions outside the theatre" (365-366). Brecht's alienation effect was a direct means of evoking this participation-the audience is emotionally distanced from characters to allow objective observation. "The audience should never be allowed to confuse what it sees on the stage with reality. Rather the play must always be thought of as a comment upon life- something to be watched and judged critically" (Brockett 366).    Samuel Beckett distances the audience from his comment on life throug... ...tieth Century Interpretations of Endgame: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1958. Cohn, Ruby. "Endgame." Chevigny 40-52. Easthope, Antony. "Hamm, Clov, and Dramatic Method in Endgame." Chivgny 61-70. Lell, Gordon. "Discussion of Value in Shakespeare's Hamlet" English 401X Lecture. Concordia College. 8 April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998. Shakespeare, William. "Hamlet." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David Bevington. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Longman, 1997. Shakespeare, William. "The Life of King Henry the Fifth." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997. Shakespeare, William. "The Tragedy of King Richard the Third." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997. Beckett, Brecht and Endgame Essay -- Beckett Endgame Essays Beckett, Brecht and Endgame      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irish playwright Samuel Beckett is often classified amongst Absurdist Theatre contemporaries Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Jean Genet, and Eugene Ionesco (Brockett 392-395). However, Endgame, Beckett's second play, relates more closely to the theatrical ideology of German playwright Bertolt Brecht, father of epic theatre and the alienation effect. Through the use of formal stage conventions, theatrical terminology, and allusions to Shakespearean texts within Endgame, Beckett employs Brecht's alienation concept, distancing the audience empathetically from players of the game and instead focusing attention upon the game itself.    Bertolt Brecht, whose final work, Galileo, was last revised three years before Beckett published Endgame, was personally and professionally influenced by Marxist theory and the political events which plagued the middle of this century. According to drama anthologist Oscar G. Brockett, Brecht asserted that theatre must do more than simply entertain the passive spectator; theatre must recognize and incite change. Brecht suggested a system of "productive participation, in which the spectator actively judges and applies what he sees on stage to conditions outside the theatre" (365-366). Brecht's alienation effect was a direct means of evoking this participation-the audience is emotionally distanced from characters to allow objective observation. "The audience should never be allowed to confuse what it sees on the stage with reality. Rather the play must always be thought of as a comment upon life- something to be watched and judged critically" (Brockett 366).    Samuel Beckett distances the audience from his comment on life throug... ...tieth Century Interpretations of Endgame: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1958. Cohn, Ruby. "Endgame." Chevigny 40-52. Easthope, Antony. "Hamm, Clov, and Dramatic Method in Endgame." Chivgny 61-70. Lell, Gordon. "Discussion of Value in Shakespeare's Hamlet" English 401X Lecture. Concordia College. 8 April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998. Shakespeare, William. "Hamlet." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David Bevington. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Longman, 1997. Shakespeare, William. "The Life of King Henry the Fifth." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997. Shakespeare, William. "The Tragedy of King Richard the Third." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997.

Barkovs Hamlet: A Tragedy of Errors Essay -- essays research papers

William Shakespeare authorship: The text of Hamlet contains indications that Shakespeare portrayed himself as an allegedly dead university graduate. HAMLET: A TRAGEDY OF ERRORS, OR THE TRAGICAL FATE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE? by Alfred Barkov To the contents When the text of William Shakespeare: a mask for Hamlet - Christopher Marlowe? William Shakespeare Hamlet is read attentively, and no details are disregarded, it becomes evident that William Shakespeare included in it something quite different from what has been traditionally interpreted. According to the text, prince Hamlet was not a son to king Hamlet, king Hamlet has never been poisoned, pregnant Ophelia was drowned by prince Hamlet's half-brother. Though that might sound odd, the facts Shakespeare included in the text suggest that the plot of Hamlet has been perceived erroneously. In what we traditionally consider to be the plot of Hamlet, there exist multiple contradictions and discrepancies which cannot be explained within the established interpretation. Even the age of the hero is not known for sure: Hamlet of the Act I is around twenty while in the Act V he appears to be thirty years old. If we really rate Shakespeare's talent that highly as we use to proclaim, we have to exercise a different approach to the contradictions in Hamlet. That is, they must be treated as composition means intended by Shakespeare as integral parts of the structure of Hamlet. Attentive reading suggests that the contradictions reflect a sophisticated structure with two plots both containing seemingly the same cast of characters factually possessing with different biographies. Though the real plot of Hamlet as it was intended by Shakespeare can be comprehended without employment of any theory, there was necessary to develop a version of Literary Theory capable to address the problems of decoding and describing the inner structure of special class of fiction called menippeah. Despite that Hamlet belongs to that class, in my paper, I avoided plunging into the issues of literary theory because the hidden content of any menippeah can be perceived with just attentive reading, Shakespeare's Hamlet being no exception. Menippeah is different from the three known classes of fiction: the epics, the lyrics, and the drama. It employs a specific way of narrating widely used even in everyday communication (when irony is intended.)... ...lizabeth?.. The Shakespeare mystery was maintained at the state level as a top state secret. Queen Elizabeth personally tackled two cases threatening the fate of Christopher Marlowe. Chapter VIII: The second Virgin in the history of human civilization? Christopher Marlowe taught Arabella Stuart, a prospective queen. The parliament adopted a decision the throne should be succeeded by Queen Elizabeth's 'natural' rather than 'legitimate' issue. Chapter IX: Is Christopher Marlowe The Swan of Avon? Shakespeare-Hamlet: is Marlowe the Swan of Avon? The place Queen Elizabeth delivered a child in April 1564 is situated on river Avon. That might attribute Ben Jonson's definition to Marlowe. Related pages: Shakespeare Authorship. Hamlet and Marlowe's works: same structure Hamlet by William Shakespeare, and Christopher Marlowe's dramas possess with identical very sophisticated structure. Hamlet, a summary (The complete version, in Russian) Roberta Ballantine's site dedicated to Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Authorship Roundtable Alfred Barkov ut5ab alfred@barkov.kiev.ua P.O. Box 36 Kiev 01103 Ukraine Copyright  © Alfred Barkov 2000, 2003 Last updated: Nov. 23, 2003

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Essay

Culture is defined â€Å"as a set of values, practices, traditions or beliefs a group shares, whether due to age, race or ethnicity, religion or gender† (Mayhew, 2014). Diversity is â€Å"the inclusion of individuals representing more than one national origin, color, religion, socioeconomic stratum, sexual orientation† (2014). Diversity in the workplace refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. It can include gender, age, personality, background, race, ethnic group, and much more. It doesn’t just include how people see themselves but how they see others as well and this affect how they act in a work environment. Some of the issues companies have to deal with are communication, adaptability and change. Embracing diversity and accepting and appreciating the differences means individual strengths and weaknesses can be understood and factored into building workplace teams. Recognizing and appreciating cultural differences is only the tip of the iceberg. Subordinate group attitudes that have developed over time may cause them to be defensive. It is necessary to work towards bridging the gap between dominant and subordinate groups to help them to communicate better. Managers and leaders need to step out of their comfort levels and develop knowledge of cultural differences and be sensitive to the fact that there are diversity issues. If you establish relationships at work with people who are different than you, you start to learn about the talent and knowledge that diverse culture can add to your company. Most hospitals have come to the realization that people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, genders, as well as religions, bring with them different values and perspectives. Managers have to make sure that top priority is given to  patient care. If there are misunderstandings between employees related to culture, ethnicity, or gender, it will eventually affect patient care. It is the managers’ duty to keep in mind that it is important to make the hospital unit as diverse as possible but making sure there is also a balance. â€Å"Fortunately, attitudes are changing. Nursing managers in hospitals must creating workplace and educational programs to help nurses overcome discriminatory feelings they may consciously or unconsciously hold toward colleagues or patients.† (Rob & Douglas, 2004) . If there are diverse groups in the unit, there are a number of nurses who think differently and have a different way of looking at patients and their needs. Therefore there is a better chance that patient’s needs will be tended to. Being a lefty for a day is a challenge that left handed people endure on a daily basis. Tasks such as opening a bottle of wine, using a wall mounted pencil sharpener, and turning the pages of a book were all rather difficult. Daily tasks that we don’t think twice about become r a daunting mountain to climb. My mom is a left-handed so in addition to my own experience, I asked her what she has gone through since she was born a lefty. She told me that her mom, my grandmother, would always yell at her for using her left hand to write and do day to day tasks. When my mom would do her homework with her left hand, my grandmother would threaten her and make her use her right hand. Her reason was that left handed people are not â€Å"smart.† In today’s modern day and age, we know and understand that is not the case. â€Å"Forcing a left-handed to be right-handed causes reduced activity in the dominant right hemisphere and increase activity in the non-dominant side. Since creativity and imagination are dominant parts of right brain, they will remain under-developed and the left-side of the brain sees increased activity that deals with reality, facts and logic, characteristics that are opposite of the person’s true potential† (Abbasi, 2011). Forcing people therefore tends to make them slower and do not reach their potential in life. It does seem being a lefty in a right handed world is a very big disadvantage. However, lefty’s do learn to adapt to doing things with both hands making them ambidextrous. So, in the end they gained something, rather than losing something. References Chron. (2007, May 4). Examples of Cultural Differences in the Workplace. Retrieved From the Chron small business website: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-cultural-differences-workplace-11494.html Reason before Passion. (2011, August 8). Never force left-handed child to be right-handed. Retrieved from the Reason before Passion website: http://wasioabbasi.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/never-force-left-handed-child-to-be-right-handed/

The psychology of color

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Organizational Behavior: a discipline for discovery Essay

Ask a four-in-hand of 35, 25 or even 15 years ago what their Organizations behavioral patterns were or how their employees felt slightly certain issues and you would probably be met with hollow st atomic number 18s. organisational Behavior (OB) was not a part of the business world in those days. The idea that a manager extremity only deal with the technical skills of its employees while disregarding their own audition skills, communication skills and interaction skills was the common fashion of thought. A recent study on employee burnout by Northwestern National spiritedness Insurance shows that at least champion out of every four employees views their channel as the biggest examineor in their lives (Work, stress and health conference, 1999).Clearly it is time to reevaluate our mentation on the business c erstpts of the outgoing and direction our attention on our administration with a more humanistic approach. What instituteed in the other(prenominal) is not necessar ily going to prevail like a shot. As the world changes so excessively does our environment change. We withdraw to change with it or be left behind. organisational Behavior is ace of those vehicles being partd for change. The prehistoric 10-15 years has shown an increase in Organizational Behavior studies. OB has become an definitive tool for businesses striving to meet the ask of its employees while understanding the impact of the man-to-man on an make-ups behavior. reportThe generational gap between tidy sum is app arnt. The determine, thoughts and dreams of our parents are probably much opposite than ours of today just like their esteems were differed from your grandparents. The attitudes and beliefs of a generation are a big part of the make-up of a persons personality and transaction ethic. Stephen P. Robbins notes in his text that the previous 3 generations, while similar in some(prenominal) respects, held distinct differences in their apprizes (p.130-2). Or ganizational behavior is a by increase of the times. The workers sufficient to their organization and grew with it (1940s and 50s). As time went on a tip towards quality of life, non-conforming, autonomy and loyalty to ones own grades became usual (1960s and 70s). Another falling out occurred in the mid 70s.The value systemmoved towards ambition, loyalty to career, hardworking, and the extensiveing for success and achievement. This period lasted till some the mid 80s when another(prenominal) shift moved us towards the value system commonly held today of flexibility, value to relationships, swear for leisure time and boilersuit military control satisfaction. Robbins classified these four stages as follows Protestant work ethic, Existential, Pragmatic, and Generation X (p.131). We bottomland see that what worked in the 50s in terms of how an organization operated is probably not going to be as effective in todays organizations. Whether its the Protestant work ethic of the 1 940s and 50s or its Generation X of today, the picture should be clear. We need to recognize what our workers value, how they feel and change with them so as to keep our organization on the clipping edge of productivity and profitability.ResearchIn order to highlight the need for OB studies we need to know what OB gives us, how it associates to our employees and what that boilers suit impact is on the organization. OB is a field of study that investigates the impacts that individuals, groups, and structure start on behavior within organizations for the calculate of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizations effectiveness (Robbins, 2001, p.16). Simply put, OB allows us the chance to contain what individuals are thinking, how their though processes work, what motivates them to do certain things, and how their choices relate to an organization. What do workers require? What are their concerns? The answers are not evermore the same and the methods of uncovering are varied as well but some key responses that be to be constantly mentioned are job security, a balanced work and family life, and a competitive salary (Cohen, 2002, para.5).Another survey, from Watson Wyatt Worldwide, showed that employees listed the desire for trust in their senior leadership as their number one want when considering what would make them committed to their employers (Johnson, 2001, para.10). Almost one-half (45%) of the 7500 people in that survey say they were not committed to their employers. Another interest note from one professional is that managers too often try to manage the stress in employees lives rather than trying to rescind it (Johnson, 2001, para.11). Why should we be concerned with these surveys and studies? instead simply,because other companies are using this education and if we dont we entrust in conclusion be left behind.Scott Gellar, a psychologist, observe a list of companies/organizations that are place considerable time, money an d manpower into addressing the abundant cultural issues of their organizations. Fortunes century Best Companies to work for in the States summit meetingped the list of those being proactive (Johnson, 2001, para.19). In 1984 only one of the tweet 100 companies offered onsite daycare. In 2000, 24 offered it. more than than 50 offered onsite university courses and more than 90 offered tutorship reimbursement (Johnson, 2001, para.21). The signs are there. We just need to be watching for them and always keeping abreast of the situation.DiscussionSo now that we suffer some ideas about what OB studies can provide for us the next read/write head is why do we NEED to investigate it further? Is it of that vital importance that we should diverge the way we put one over been doing things for so long? Procedures drop worked in the past why wont they work in the future? I think it is primal to say that just because something has worked in the past does not guarantee you success in the future. As the research above shows, the top companies are adapting and doing what it takes to gain an edge. It is working for them. You may stay in business doing what you have always done, you may even have a modicum of success, but wouldnt it be nice to be able to shoot for the most out of your business? permit your business maximize its potential.ConclusionIt was once said that a good familiarity researches what it is selling and is always learning. Why should we contend our employees any differently than we do our product or our target consumers? Employees tell us what we need to know. We just need to hark and be able to interpret the results. We need to become proactive and not responsive in the future. The study of OB is vehicle we can use to interpret what we learn from individuals. The method is there. Why not use it to instigate change in our organizations? The results of our studies get out become more and more expedient as time goes on. Weare always changing, le arning and adapting to different situations. OB will allow our organizations to change right along with the people that make it up.Works CitedCohen, A. (2002). great deal says workers want balance. Sales and Marketing Management, 154(9), 13. Retrieved declination 9, 2002 from EBSC Ohost database.Johnson, D. (2001). Climate control. Industrial Safety and hygienics News, 35(9), 1-4. Retrieved December 9, 2002 from EBSC Ohost database.Robbins, S.P. (2001). Organizational behavior (Custom electronic text, University of Phoenix). Boston Pearson Custom Publishing.